FDM (fused deposition modeling) 3D Printing creates object parts by heating and extruding thermoplastics layer by layer. You can use FDM for fast prototyping and small-scale industrial manufacturing through Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing. While FDM is the most affordable 3D printing technology, Locanam is a Delhi-based FDM 3D Printing service provider. getting access to thermoplastics, including PLA, ABS, TPU, PETG, and PEI, and a dimensional accuracy of ±0.5% with a lower limit of ±0.5 mm.
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a leading 3D printing technology that utilizes plastic filament, typically in thread or wire form, as its primary material. This filament is extruded through the printer's nozzle, layer by layer, to create the final product. Also known as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), this process originated in the 1980s.
​
FDM printers employ various movement mechanisms, including Cartesian, Core XY, Delta, and others. Our tailored guidance can assist you in selecting the most appropriate movement mechanism for your application, ensuring alignment with your project's unique requirements.
​
Embark on a journey into the captivating world of 3D printing technology, focusing on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), the most widely used method. Explore the intricacies and applications of FDM, gaining a deep understanding of its capabilities. Compare FDM with other 3D printing methods to uncover its distinct features and advantages. Equip yourself with the knowledge needed to navigate the diverse landscape of 3D printing technologies, empowering you to make informed decisions for your creative or industrial endeavors.
History
Although Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) has become the most widely used 3D printing method, it might be surprising to learn that it wasn't the first of its kind. In fact, it wasn't even the second.
​
The initial patent for Stereolithography (SLA) was filed three years before Scott Crump applied for the first FDM patent in 1989, and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) had its patent filed a year before FDM.
​
FDM became popular with non-commercial users through the RepRap community, also known as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). The RepRap Project started in 2005 at the University of Bath, led by Adrian Bowyer, with the goal of developing self-replicating devices.
​
In 2009, MakerBot Industries was founded by former RepRap volunteers after the FDM patent expired. This was a big deal because MakerBot was one of the first non-industrial companies to sell open-source FDM 3D printers inspired by the RepRap project.
HOW IT WORKS?
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), alternatively referred to as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), is a technique utilized for crafting three-dimensional objects by precisely extruding and layering thermoplastics. Although it appears complicated initially, a deeper look reveals its fundamental simplicity.
FDM works using two key systems: one manages the material extrusion and deposition, while the other controls the printhead's movement. Let's dive into how these systems work together to improve our understanding of FDM.
Extrusion & Deposition
In the intricate domain of 3D printing, the extrusion and deposition system can be dissected into two primary segments: the "cold end" and the "hot end." The cold end oversees the initial phases, directing thermoplastic material—typically in filament spool configuration—into the 3D printer. Its function encompasses not only ensuring smooth material feeding but also regulating the deposition rate, commonly denoted as "flow."
​
Conversely, the hot end assumes a pivotal role in elevating the temperature of the plastic material to a level conducive for extrusion through a nozzle. This heating procedure entails indispensable elements such as heating cartridges, heatsinks, and notably, nozzles.
​
The symbiotic relationship between the cold and hot ends is indispensable, as they must collaborate seamlessly to extrude the precise amount of material at the optimal temperature and physical state, thereby ensuring the precise layering of each component.
Filament
Now we have discussed the critical component for FDM 3D printing, commonly referred to as filament. Essentially, filament is a lengthy strand of polymer-based material.
Filament strands for 3D printers usually come in two standard diameters: 1.75 mm or 2.85 mm, depending on the printer's setup. It's worth noting that a 1.75-mm extruder is specifically designed for this filament size.
​
The most popular filaments in FDM printing are PLA, PETG, and ABS. PLA stands out as the most beginner-friendly option because it's easy to print with, biodegradable, and doesn't produce strong odors. However, it does have a downside of low heat resistance, as it softens at temperatures as low as 60 °C.
​
PETG has great temperature resistance, while ABS offers strong mechanical properties. However, PETG can be tricky to 3D print due to oozing and stringing issues, while ABS requires a controlled printing environment due to toxic fumes. Keep in mind that your experience with each filament may differ based on your setup and the manufacturer. FDM printing is advantageous for its material flexibility and easy accessibility in the market.
Types of FDM 3D Printers
3D printing has evolved remarkably, spawning various printer types since its inception in the 1980s. Originally conceived for crafting custom parts, its applications have expanded considerably. Among the diverse range of 3D printing technologies, fused deposition modeling (FDM) stands out, featuring numerous printer styles. This article will spotlight seven prevalent descriptors: Cartesian, delta, Polar, SCARA, Core-XY, H-bot, and belt.
FDM 3D Printing Parameters
Build Volume : To 3D print objects, you need to consider the build volume of the FDM Machine, which determines the maximum size of what you can print. Typically, a good size to aim for is around 300x300x300 mm, but there are also larger industrial-grade machines available for bigger projects.
​
Layer adhesion: Layer Adhesion is a very important parameter for getting successful 3d prints. It depends on several factors like build plate temperature, nozzle temperature, z level distance, speed and flow.
​
​
These are some beginner level parameters that can help you understand more about the technology
Layer Height and line width: Layer Height is the height of material extruded. This Directly affects the quality of the 3d print. Smaller layer heights lead to better quality but increase in 3d printing time. On the other hand increased layer heights and line width also play a critical role for making stronger products so the layer height also depends upon the application. The general rule recommends 0.2 layer height and 0.4 line width with a 0.4 nozzle.
​
Support Structures: Support structures play a big role in 3D printing because they form an integral part of the printed object. They're necessary when there's no foundation for the part being printed. Typically, you can print angles between 45 to 55 degrees without needing supports, but this can vary depending on the specific 3D printing machine used.
​
Temperature and speed: Different polymers materials come with different melting points therefore it is recommended to have the material specification sheet and set nozzle and bed temperatures accordingly. The speed can also affect the temperatures therefore it is recommended to set it as 50-100 mm/s.
​
Infill: Infill is the amount of material that you want to add to the part. You can make the part heavy or light depending upon the application. There are also different infill patterns for different applications. For example Gyroid structures offer strength from every angle, enhancing material properties uniquely.. Triangle infill can help with strong infill bonds.
​
​
​
Applications in FDM 3D Printing
FDM technology is ideal for various tasks due to its reliable printers, sturdy materials, and proven track record for many different applications.
FDM Rapid Prototyping
Functional prototyping benefits from the foundational FDM application due to its ease of use and the production of durable print results.
FDM Production Parts
This guide focuses on improving FDM® production parts' quality, value, and performance. It covers essential factors like design, material selection, and performance goals crucial for additive manufacturing.
FDM Composite Tooling
Creating composite structures and molds using Locanam FDM technology through 3D printing is a quick and affordable method. It simplifies the design process, making it easier to produce composite tools efficiently.
Locanam specializes your FDM custom parts according to strict manufacturing standards and We guarantee adherence to the universal Standards across all our products and processes.
-
Consistent surface finish with no bumps or delamination.
-
All support material is removed so that the supported surface has a consistent finish.
-
All parts are printed with 3 outline / perimeter shells or a wall thickness of 1.2 mm.
Cura Print Software
CURA Print software streamlines FDM 3D printing, simplifying the transition from CAD models to physical prints while enhancing speed and ease of use. By harnessing its features, users can effortlessly bring their designs to life, letting CURA handle the intricate details of the printing process.
